Plant Response as a Means of Physiological Investigation

100. Bifurcated expression of stimulus in contractile response and resump- 101. Similarity of response in stationary and growing organs . . . 436 103. Detection of latent stimulus by negative after-effect . . . . 459 104. Constancy of sum of direct effect and negative after-effect . . 460 105. Vanishing of latent component above the optimum . . . . 461 107. Direct and indirect effect of stimulus on plant in -different tonic 108. Diurnal variation of rate of growth in Oryza sativa . . . . 473

109. Diurnal variation of rate of growth in seedling of Tamarindus indica 474 no. Effect of high frequency Tesla current on growth . . . .619 in. Effect of Hertzian waves on growth . . . . . . . 618 112. Response of pistil of Musa to unilateral thermal stimulation . . 68 113. Response of Crocus to moderate unilateral stimulation of tip . . 526 115. Response of Crocus to direct stimulation of growing region . . . 527 116. Response of root of Bindweed to unilateral stimulus of tip . . 526

117. Response of root of Bindweed to stronger stimulation of tip . . 527 118. Response of root of Bindweed to unilateral stimulation of growing 119. Torsional response of pulvinus of Mimosa under lateral stimulus of 120. Torsional response of pulvinus of Mimosa under lateral chemical 122. Modification of torsional response in Mimosa by reversal of differential 123. Modification of torsional response in Mimosa by increase of 124. Torsional response in Erythrina indica under lateral geotropic

125. Modification of geotropic torsion by reversal of differential excita- 126. Modification of geotropic torsion by increase of differential excitability 665 128. Enhancement of rate of autonomous torsion by increased suctional 129. Modification of rate of autonomous torsion by electrical current . . 670 See also Uniform mechanical responses in Biophytum and Datura . 24 131. Staircase effect in mechanical response of Eucharis . . . . 104 132. Staircase effect, followed by fatigue, in the response of Eucharis . 121

133. Staircase effect, followed by fatigue, in the response of Bryophyllum 122 134. Staircase effect in inorganic response of Galena . . . . . 121 136. Fatigue-reversal under continuous stimulation in Passijlora . . 108 140. Fatigue-reversal under continuous stimulation in electrical response of 141. Alternate fatigue in electrical and mechanical response . . . 106 145. Apparent fatigue in response of plant, due to bifurcation of energy . 127 149. Relation between intensity of stimulus and amplitude of mechanical

150. Relation between intensity of stimulus and amplitude of electrical 151. Influence of tonic condition on relation between stimulus and respon- 154. Action of feeble E.M.F. on Biophytum, Mono-polar Method 155. Action of feeble E.M.F. on Biophytum, Bi-polar Method . 163. Localised effect of Anode and Kathode on pulvinus of Erythriua 167. Reversal of effects by high E.M.F. or by tissue-modification . . 213 168. Anodic and kathodic effects on growth of root of Bindweed .

171. Effect of electrification of soil on growth of Oryza saliva . See also Galvanotaxis ........ 172. Diminution or abolition of motile excitability by anaesthetics . . 220 173. Diminution or abolition of motile excitability by cold . . . 220 174. Diminution or abolition of motile excitability by fatigue . . . 221 175. Diminution or abolition of motile excitability by An-electrotonus . 236 178. Diminution or abolition of conductivity by anaesthetics . . . 223

179. Diminution or abolition of conductivity by cold . . . .221 180. Diminution or abolition of conductivity by fatigue . . . . 223 181. Diminution or abolition of conductivity by anodic block . . 233 182. An-electrotonic and Kat-electrotonic action on conductivity . . 233 183. Depression of receptive excitability by anaesthetics . . -225 186. Detection of excitatory pulse during transit by Chemical Method. . 255 187. Detection of excitatory pulse during transit by Electrotactile

188. Detection of excitatory pulse during transit by Electromotive 189. Determination of velocity of transmission in Biophytum by 190. Determination of centrifugal and centripetal velocities 195. Relative velocities in various plants, * sensitive' and ordinary 196. Effect of cold on longitudinal contractile response . . . . 143 197. Effect of rise of temperature on longitudinal contractile response . 144 199. Diminution of response in Eucharis by lowering of temperature . 140

203. Effect of slight cooling on amplitude and period .... 332 204. Effect of cooling to thermo-tonic minimum on amplitude and period 335 205. Effect of raising from thermo-tonic minimum upwards . . . 336 206. Effect of continuous rise of temperature on amplitude and period . 334 210. Determination of effect of cold by Unbalanced Method . . . 373 2.1 1. Determination of effect of cold by Hydrostatic Balance . . 376 212. Determination of effect of cold by Hydraulic Balance . . . 379

216. Persistence of suction when root killed by hot water . . . . 381 217. Determination of various rates at different temperatures by Dboon- 218. Determination of various rates at different temperatures from Therm.. - 219. Determination of various rates at different temperatures by Method 220. Determination of various rates at different temperatures by Method 221. Determination of optimum point by Method of Balance . . . 45 ' 242. Osmotic versus excitatory action of NaCl solution . . . . 384

246. Excitatory effect of dilute solution of sodium carbonate 252. Action of strong sodium chloride solution under different thermo 253. Differing effects of poisons on different ' constitutions ' . 254. Opposite effects of same poisonous dose on different ' constitutions 261. Response of Crinum Lily under unilateral pressure of particles . . 498 263. Demonstration of apo-geotropic curvature as induced by responsive 264. Effect of alternate applications of cold on upper and lower surfaces

265. Darwinian curvature and its reversal under different intensities of 266. Determination of effect of amputation of root-tip on excitability . 541 267. Effect of gravitational stimulus on autonomous torsion . . .671 See also Response to stimulation of tips of root and shoot . . . 526 Also Differential geotropic sensibility of dot si-ventral organs . 662, 666 269. Discrimination of effects of thermal radiation and of temperature 271. Response of Tamarindus to continuous unilateral thermal radiation

272. Effect of diffuse stimulation of light on growth of sub-tonic tissue 273. Effect of diffuse stimulation of light on stationary radial organ 275. Oscillatory growth-response under continuous action of light . 281. Neutral response of tendril of Passiflora to strong stimulation 283. Negative response of shoot of Crocus on stimulation of tip 284. Negative response of tendril of Vitis under strong stimulation 285. Negative response of stem of Cucurbita to strong vertical Ufbl • 626

286. Negative response of stem of Ipomeea to strong vertical light • • 625 287. Negative response of stem of Mimosa to strong vertical light . . 625 288. Positive response of terminal leaflet of Desmodium, stimulated alter- 290. Positive response of Erythrina indica (diurnal sleep movement) . 629 291. Positive response of Robinia (diurnal sleep movement) . . . 629 292. Positive response of Cliloria ternatea (diurnal sleep movement) . . 629 293. Neutral response of Desmodium leaflet under long-continued stimu-

294. Positive response of Mimosa, when stimulated alternately from above 295. Transition of response in Mimosa, from positive, through neutral, to 296. Negative response of leaflet of Biophytum (diurnal sleep move- 297. Negative response of leaflet of Oxalis (diurnal movement) . . 633 299. Multiple merging into continuous heliotropic response . . . 586 301. Lamina not perceptive organ to stimulus of light . . . 651 302. Absence of specific dia-heliotropic tendency in leaves . . . 649

305. Torsional response to lateral stimulation of terminal leaflet of See also Torsional response of dor si-ventral organs . . . .661 309. Nyctitropic movement of Mimosa leaf, due to cumulative heliotropic 310. Nyctitropic movement of primary petiole of Mimosa . . . . 681 312. Initiation of autonomous response by light in Desmodium . . . 690 313. Changes of amplitude in autonomous pulsation of Desmodium . 691 314. Periodic reversals of relative rapidities of up and clown beats in

Acellular organ, responsive curvature of, 506 Acid, chemo-tropic action of, 548 ,, effect on mechanical response, 136 Acid and alkali, antagonistic action of, on cardiac pulsation, 351 ,, ,, ,, ,, on chemo-tropic response, 548 After-effect, detection of absorbed stimulus by negative, 459 ,, factors modifying, 468 ,, ,, induction of, by hydrostatic pressure in cardiac tissue, 307 ,, growth-pulsation of, 432 Barium chloride, effect on Desmodium pulsation, 351 Bindweed, effect of section of root-tip on excitability of, 541

Botrydium granulatum, phototaxis of, 497 Brown, H., on diffusion through multi-perforate septum, 399 Bryophyllum calcynum, response of, 62 Carbon disulphide, effect of, on mechanical response, 132 Carbonic acid, effect of, on Desmodium pulsation, 325 Chlorine, effect of, on mechanical response, 137 Ciesielski on effect of amputation of root-tip, 539 Citrus decumana, response of leaf of, 64 Clitoria ternatea, diurnal sleep movement of, 629 Cold, abolition of autonomous response by, 141, 331 ,, ,, mechanical response by, 141

Conductivity, difference between longitudinal and transverse, 250 ,, preferential direction of, 242 Conductivity-variation, response by, 39 'Constitution,' elements determining, 478 ,, effect of increased hydrostatic pressure on growth of, 428 Crocus, growth-curvature by stimulation of tip and growing region of shoot, Cucurbita, diurnal variation of rate of transpiration in, 472 ,, initiation of growth -pulsation in, 426 Czapek on localisation of gravi-perception at root-tip, 542 ,, on radial pressure theory, 494

Darkness, modification of sensitiveness in, 22, 50 Darwin, Francis, on effect of alternating stimulation, 685 ,, on sensitiveness of radicle, 513 Darwinian curvature, 536 Detmer on photonasty, 643 Development, thermographic, 184 De Vries on epi- and hypo-nasty, 643 Dorsi-ventral organ, differential geotropic action inducing torsion in, 662 ,, ., ,, heliotropic action inducing torsion in, 658 ,, ,, true excitatory negative and hydrostatic potitive, 35, 37

' Electrification ' of soil, effect of, on growth, 560 Electromotive Method, detection of excitatory wave by, 261 Electrotactile Method of detection of excitation, 256, 280 Electrothermic stimulator, 17 Electrotonus, variation of excitability by, 234, 235, 236 Elfving on geotropic action on grass-haulm, 496 Erythrina indica, differential geotropic response of, 664, 665 Excitatory contraction, physiological modification of, 79 ,, discharge, preferential direction of, 243 ,, versus hydrostatic effect, 35, 47 ,, wave, centrifugal velocity of, 243 ,, ,, centripetal velocity of, 243

, , reversal of normal polar effect by, 207 Fatigue-reversal under continuous stimulation, in arsenic, 119 Fick on velocity of nervous impulse, 246 Firefly, glow-response of, 211 Flexibility, characteristic limits of, 646 Flowers, death-response of, 181 Food-substance, translocation of, 398 Forced vibration, 684 Frank on heliotropic response of Marchantia, 622 ,, on transverse heliotropism and geotropism, 641 Frost, effect on leaves, 400 ,, sensibility, localisation at root-tip, 539 Geotropism, differential, 663

Greely, A. W. , galvanotaxis of parametria, 698 Growing organ and pulvinus, identical nature of responses in, 534 Growth, anodic and kathodic effect on, 556 antagonistic action of acid and alkali on, 484 apparent arrest of, at high temperature, 432 balanced record of, 413 daily periodicity in, 473, 474 direct and indirect stimulus on, 438 effect of acid on, 483 ,, alcohol on, 482 ,, alkali on, 483 Hedera helix, seasonal variation of heliotropic response in, 623 Ileliotropic excitation, transmission of, 604

,, negative response of dorsi-ventral organs : leaf of Artocarpus, 653 ,, positive response of dorsi-ventral organs : leaf of Mangifera indica, 653 ,, response, 363 Hydrogen, effect of, on mechanical response, 131 Hydrostatic disturbance, effect on electric response, 35 Ipomcca, torsional response of, 670 Isometric record, 25 Isotonic record, 25 Ivy, seasonal variation of heliotropic sensibility of, 623 ,, variation of electrical response by temperature, 141

multiple response induced by, "303, 584, 604, 634 orientating action of, 587, 697 supposed specific differences in the action of, 567 transmitted action of, 606 Light and gravitation, incomplete analogy between the actions of, 597 See Heliotropic response Longitudinal response in india-rubber, 12 ,, ,, in muscle, 12 Mangifera ndica, response of, 653 Marchanlia hallus, action of light on, 622 Mechanical response, by curling, 91 ,, ,, similarity of, in pulvinus, pulvinoid and growing organ, 534

Michelia Champaca, gal vanotropic response of, 559 Microscope Recorder, 599 Mimosa, death-point of, 153 ,, duplication of rigor-point in, 179 ,, effect of anaesthetics on excitability of, 135 >, >> darkness on the sensibility of, 22, 50 ,, thermc -mechanical record of, 172 ,, torsional response of, 658, 659 Mohl on heliotropic insensitiveness of certain tendrils, 611 Molecular model, 217 Mono-polar method, 193 Morograph, 167 Motile areas in Artocarpus, 59

,, excitability, earlier abolition than conductivity, 112 ,, ,, effect of anaesthetics on, 229 Multiple response to constant stimulus : in inorganic substance, 39, 575 Musa paradisiaca, response of, 68, 616 Muscarin, effect of, on cardiac pulsation, 4 Oryza sativa, direct and indirect effects of stimulus on, 463 ,, ,, diurnal variation of growth of, 473 Passijlora, death-discoloration of petals of, 183 ,, effect of age on response, 79 Pfeffer on effect of light on autonomous response, 690 , , on excitatory contraction in Cynerece, 69 ,, on expulsion of water from excited pulvinus of Mimosa, 254 ,, on geotropic sensitiveness of root-tip, 542 ,, on radial pressure theory of geotropism, 494 Pniiger on law of polar excitation in animal tissue, 200 Philanthus urinaria, response of, 44, 271 Photonasty, 621 Phototaxis, 696

Physical phenomena, merging of, into chemical, 122 Plagiotropic stem, daily periodic movement of, 627 Plant-chamber, 16 Plasmolytic action, anomalous, 549 Poison, abolition of inorganic response by, 40 ,, effect of, on autonomous pulsation, 326 ,, ,, on growth, 486 ,, modifying action of constitution on the effect of, 322, 487 ,, opposite effects of dose on action of, 488 Polar action of currents : effect of fatigue on, 208 Porana paniculata, autonomous torsional response of, 670 Pressure, internal hydrostatic : irregular variation of, 395 ,, ,, ,, positive and negative, 393

Radiation, discrimination from temperature effect, 615 ,, effect of electric, on Mimosa, 619 ,, identity of, in mature and growing organ, 435 ,, relation of, to stimulus, 95, 96, 97 ,, similarities of, between motile and growing organs, 437 See Chemotaclic-, Chemotropic-, Death-, Differential-, Galvanotactic-, Galvanotropic-, Geotropic-, Growth-, Heliotropic-, Inorganic-, Mechanical-, Phototropic-, and Suctional-. Responsiveness in matter, universality of, 40 Retina, multiple excitation of, 286