Individuality in Organisms

Polarity: occurrence of, 8; theories of, 28; obliteration of, in experimental reproduction, 100; origin of, 181; nature of, 1S2. See also Axis; Dominance; Gradients; Individual Protoplasm: in relation to metabolism, 16; as a metabolic product, 17; metabolic gradients in, 34; differentiation of, in relation to metabolic gradients, 171; effect of quantitative external factors on, 186 Reconstitution: in relation to metabolic gradients in Planaria, 81; independence of apical region in, 97; dominance and subordination in, 102; the process of, in Planaria, 105; limiting factors in, 117; progressive limitation of, in animals, 120; in embryonic stages, 121; proportional relations of parts in, 122; limit of size in, 1 24; of hydranth in Tubularia, 128; in long pieces of Tubularia, 132; of "rings" in Harcnactis, 146. See also Individual

Rejuvenescence: nature of, 46, 90; in reconstitution of Planaria, 89; in posterior zooids of Planaria, 94; capacity for, in lower and higher animals, 120; in relation to physiological isolation, 193; in early embryonic development, 199. See also Senescence Reproduction, agamic: occurrence of, 12, 89; of parts, 13, 195; in relation to physiological isolation, 45, 192; in Pennaria, 79; in Stenostommn, 79; in Metsgeria, 83; of adventitious buds in Begonia, 83; in Tubularia, 92; in Planaria, 92; different conditions determining, 193; localization of, 196; difference between and gametic, 198. See also Isolation; Reproduction, gametic

pieces _ of Tubnlaria, 97; in short pieces of P/awana, gg; in long pieces of Tubnlaria, 132; in plants, 152; in relation to shape of piece in Planaria, 114. See also Reconstitution; Reproduction, agarnic, gametic Reproduction, gametic: occurrence of, 13; nature of, 47, igS; difference between, and agamic, 200. See also Reproduction, agamic, experimental Roots of plants : as subordinate individuals, 104, 162; dominance and physiological isolation in, 157; relation of, to other parts of plant, i5g; conditions determining formation of, 162

Senescence: nature of, 46, go; in relation to self-maintenance of parts, 177; in relation to gametic reproduction, igS; in relation to evolution, 205. Sec also Rejuvenescence Starfish: axial relations in, 8; susceptibilit}' gradient in egg of, 56 Stenosiomum: agamic reproduction in, 7g; extension of dominance in, 150 Subordination, physiological: origin of, 36; of basal to apical levels in Planaria, 102, 115; of basal to apical levels in plants, 104. See also Dominance

Susceptibility: in relation to metabolism, 51; gradients of, 52; gradient of, in Stentor, 55; gra- Symmetry: occurrence of, 8; of starfish, 8; suscei)iibi!itv grnriients in axes of, 57; bihiteral in certain plants, 77, 86; in "rings" m Ilarenactis, 148; in conifers. '^SS\ origin of, 181; significance of experimental alterations of, 182; conditions determining, igg. See also kias; Gradients; Polarity Tubnlaria: description of, 91; agamic reproduction in, 92; experimental reproduction ii. short pieces of, 97, 133; dominance in experimental reproduc tion of, 102; control of distance relations in reconstitution ot. 128; reconstitution of hydranlh of, 128; reconstitution in long pieces of, 132; range of donii nance in, 133; inhibition in reconstitution of, 135

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