Child, C. M., 1924  ·  passages 780 to 809 of 850

Physiological Foundations of Behavior

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complex patterns or groups. If I have succeeded in showing that the processes of physiological and of social integration have something in common, that they both represent aspects of the behavior of living things, the purpose of these chapters as well as of those preceding is attained. 1920. Animal Aggregations, Proc. Amer. Soc. Zool., Anat. Rec., 1919. Quantitative Studies on the Rate of Respiratory Metabolism in Planaria, I, Amer. Jour. Physiol., XLVIII. 1919 b. Quantitative Studies, etc. I, Amer. Jour. Physiol., XLIX. 1920. The Rate of Carbon Dioxide Production by Pieces of Planaria in Relation to the Theory of Metabolic Gradients, Proc. Amer. Soc. Zool., 1919, Anat Rec., XVII. Atvarez, W.C. 1914. Functional Variations in Contractions of Different parts of the Small Intestine, Amer. Jour. Physiol., XXXV. 1915a. The Motor Functions of the Intestine from a New Point of View, Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc., LXV. 1915 b. Further Studies on Intestinal Rhythm, II, Amer. Jour. Physiol., 1916a. IV. Differences in Rhythmicity and Tone in Different Parts of the Wall of the Stomach, Amer. Jour. Physiol., XL. 1916b. V. Differences in Irritability and Latent Period in Different Parts of the Wall of the Stomach, Amer. Jour. Physiol., XLI. 1917a. VI. Differences in Latent Period and Form of the Contraction Curve in Muscle Strips from Different Parts of the Frog’s Stomach, Amer. Jour. Physiol., XI. 1917b. VII. Differences in Latent Period and Form of Contraction Curve in Muscle Strips from Different Parts of the Mammalian Stomach, Amer. Jour. Physiol., XLII. 1918a. X. Differences in Behavior of Segments from Different Parts of the Intestine, Amer. Jour. Physiol., XLV. 1918b. XII. The Influence of Drugs on Intestinal Rhythmicity, Amer. Jour. Physiol., XLVI. 1818¢c. XVI. Differences in the Action of Drugs on Different Parts of the Bowel, Jour. Pharm. and Exp. Ther., XII. 1922. The Mechanics of the Digestive Tract. New York. Atvarez, W. C., and MAHONEY, Lucie J. 1921. Action Currents in Stomach and Intestine, Amer. Jour.

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Physiol., LVI. C., and SraRKWEATHER, E. XI. The Metabolic Gradient Underlying Intestinal Peristalsis, Amer. Jour. Physiol., XLVI. XIII. The Motor Functions of the Cecum, Amer. Jour. Physiol., XLVI. 1918¢c. XVII. The Metabolic Gradient Underlying Colonic Peris- | talsis, Amer. Jour. Physiol., XLVII. 1919. XVII. Conduction in the Small Intestine, Amer. Jour. Physiol., L. Atvargz, W. C., and Tayzor, F. B. ~ ; 1917a. The Effect of Temperature on the Rhythm of Excised Segments from Different Parts of the Intestine, Amer. Jour. _ Physiol. XLIV. ; ~ 1917b. Changes in Rhythmicity, Irritability and Tone in the Purged Intestine, Jour. Pharm. and Exp. Ther., X. BarTEtmeEz, G. W. ' 1912. The Bilaterality of the Pigeon’s Egg, Jour. Morphol., XXIII. Batrson, W. 1894. Materials for the Study of Variation. London. Beure, Evinor H. 1918. An Experimental Study of Acclimation to Temperature in Planaria dorotocephala, Biol. Bull., XXXV. Betiamy, A. W. 1919. Differential Susceptibility as a Basis for Modification and Control of Early Development in the Frog, I, Biol. Bull., 1922. Differential Susceptibility, ete. II, Amer. Jour. Anat., XXX. 1899. Die Konstitution und Reizleitung der lebenden Substanz, Biol. Zentralbl., XTX. 1912. Hlektrobiologie. Braunschweig. BiepERMANN, W. 1896. — Hlectro-Physiology, English Translation. London. 1903. _ Elektrophysiologie, Ergebn. d. Physiol., Jahrgang II, Abt. IT. Borurrau, H, 1900. Die Aktionsstréme und die Theorie der Nervenleitung, Arch. ges. Physiol., LXXXI, 1901 a. Die Aktionsstréme, etc., Arch. ges. Physiol.. LXXXIV. 1901b. Alte und neue Vorstellungen tiber das Wesen der Nervenleitung, Zeitschr. f. allgem. Physiol., I. Boss, J. C.

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1902. Response in the Living and Non-Living. London. 1906. Plant Response. London. 1907. Comparative Electro-Physiology. London. 1913. Kesearches on I rritability. London. Bovenrt, T. 1901 a. Ueber die Polaritit des Seeigeleies. Verh d. phys-med. Gesell: Wurzburg, N. F., XXXTv. 1901 b. Die Polaritit von Ovocyte, Ei und Larve des Strongylocentrotus lividus. Zo6l Jahrbiicher, Abt. f. Anat. und Ont., XIV. 1910. Die Potenzen der Ascaris-Blastomeren bie abgeinderter Furchung. Festschr. zum sechsigsten Geburtstage R. Hertwigs, III. Bracuet, A.

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1911. Etudes sur les localisations germinales et leur potentialité _réele dans l’oeuf parthénogénétique de Rana fusca, Arch. de Biol., XXVI. The Secretion of Gastric Juice in Health and Disease, Physiol. Rev., II. The Early Development of Arenicola and Sternaspis, Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech., IX. Studies on Regulation, VIII, IX, X, Arch. f. Entwickelungsmechanik, XIX, XX. An Analysis of Form Regulation in T'ubularia, I, Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech., XXIII.

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An Analysis, etc., II, Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech, XXIII. An Analysis, ete., IV, Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech., XXIV. An Analysis, etc., V, Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech., XXIV. Factors of Form Regulation in Harenactis attenuata, III, Jou;. Exp. Zoél., VII. Physiological Isolation of Parts and Fission in Planaria, Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech., XXX, II. Teil. Further Experiments on Adventitious Reproduction and Polarity in Harenactis, Biol. Bull., XX.

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Experimental Control of Morphogenesis in the Regulation of Planaria, Biol. Bull., XX. Studies on the Dynamics of Morphogenesis and Inheritance in Experimental Reproduction, I, Jour. Exp. Zodl., X. Die physiologische Isolation von Teilen des Organismus, Vortr. u. Aufs. ti. Entiwckelungsmech., Heft, XI. The Regulatory Processes in Organisms, Jour. Morphol., XXII. Studies, etc., IV, Jour. Exp. Zool., XIII. Studies, etc., VI, Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech., XXXVII. Susceptibility Gradients in Animals, Science, XX XIX.

786

The Axial Gradient in Ciliate Infusoria,” Biol. Bull., XXVI. Starvation, Rejuvenescence and Acclimation in Planaria dorotocephala, Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech., XX XVIII. Axial Gradients in the Early Development of the Starfish, Amer. Jour. Physiol., XX XVII. Axial Susceptibility Gradients in the Early Development of the Sea Urchin,” Biol. Bull., XXX. Axial Susceptibility Gradients in Alge, Bot. Gaz., LXII. Experimental Control and Modification of Larval Development in the Sea Urchin in Relation to the Axial Gradients, Jour. Morphol., XXVIII.

787

Further Observations on Susceptibility Gradients in Algz, Biol. Bull., XXXI1. Age Cycles and Other Periodicities in Organisms. Proc. Amer. Pala Soc, GV Susceptibility Gradients in the Hairs of Certain Marine Al- ge, Biol. Bull., XXXII. Experimental Alteration of the Axial Gradient in the Alga, Griffithsia bornetiana, Biol. Bull., XXXII. The Gradient in Susceptibility to Cyanides in the Meridional Conducting Path of the Ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, Amer. Jour. Physiol., XLI.

788

Differential Susceptibility and Differential Inhibition in the Development of Polychete Annelids, Jour. Morphol., XVII. Physiological Senescence in Hydromeduse, Biol. Bull., XXXIV. Demonstration of the Axial Gradients by Means of Potassium Permanganate, Biol. Bull., XXXVI. The Axial Gradients in Hydrozoa, II,” Biol. Bull., XXXVII. The Effect of Cyanides on Carbon Dioxide Production and on Susceptibility to Lack of Oxygen in Planaria dorotocephala, Amer. Jour. Physiol., XLVIII.

789

Susceptibility to Lack of Oxygen During Starvation in Planaria, Amer. Jour. Physiol., XLIX. A Study of Susceptibility in Some Puget Sound Alge, Publ. Puget Sound Biol. Sta., I. Physiological Isolation by Low Temperature in Bryophyllum, Bot. Gaz., LXX. Some Considerations Concerning the Nature and Origin of Physiological Gradients, Biol. Bull., XXXIX. The Origin and Development of the Nervous System from a Physiological Viewpoint. Chicago. Certain Aspects of the Problem of Correlation, Amer. Jour. Bot., VIII.

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Studies on the Dynamics, ete., XI, Jour. Exp. Zoél., XX XIII. The Axial Gradients in Hydrozoa, IV, Biol. Buill., XU. The Axial Gradients in Corymorpha palma, Proc. Amer. Soe. Zodl., 1922, Anat. Record, XXIV. 1923. Physiological Polarity and Symmetry in Relation to Heredity, Genetics, VIII. 1923 d. The General Relation Between Susceptibility and Physiologic Condition, Arch Int. Med., XXXII. Cuitp, C. M., and Breiuamy, A. W. 1919. Physiological Isolation by Low Temperature in Bryophyllum

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1919. The Axial Gradients in Hydrozoa, I, Biol. Bull., XXXVI. Conn, E. J. 1918. Studies in the Physiology of Spermatozoa, Biol. Bull., XXXIV. Cotz, L. J. 1913. Direction of Locomotion of the Starfish (Asterias forbesi), Jour. Exp. Zool., XIV. ConkLI, E. G. 1897. The Embryology of Crepidula, Jour. Morphol., XIII. 1902. Karyokinesis and Cytokinesis in the Maturation, Fertilization and Cleavage of Crepidula and other Gasteropoda, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. II, Vol. XII. 1910. The Effects of Centrifugal Force upon the Organization and Development of the Eggs of Fresh Water Pulmonates, Jour. Exp. Zodl., UX. 1922. Heredity and Environment, Princeton, Fifth Edition. Cremer, M. 1909. Die allgemeine Physiclogie der Nerven, Nagel’s Handbuch d. Physiologie d. Menschen, IV. Day, Lucy M., and Bentiey, M. 1911. A Note on Learning in Paramecium, Jour. Animal Behavior, I.

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1917. Creative Intelligence, New York. Drisscu, H. 1891. | Entwicklungsmechanische Studien, I, II, Zeitschr. f. wiss. Zodl., 1893. | Entwicklungsmechanische Studien, III-VI, Zeitschr. J. wiss. Zodl., LY. 1899. Studien tiber das Regulationsvermégen der Organismen, Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech., LX. 1901. Die organischen Regulationen, Leipzig. 1908. The Science and Philosophy of the Organism. London. Driescy, H., and Morean, T. H. 1895. Zur Analyse der ersten Entwicklungsstadien des Ctenophoreneies, Arch. f. Entwicklungsmech., II. EncELMANN, T. W. 1875. Contractilitat und Doppelbrechung, Arch. ges. Physiol., X1. Eyster, J. A., and Merk, W. J. 1921. The Origin and Conduction of the Heart Beat, Physiol. Rev.; 1.

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1898. Contributions to our Knowledge of the Fucacee, Phil. Tr. Roy. Soc., CXC. 1897. Experimentelle Untersuchungen am Ctenophorenei, I, Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech., V1. 1910. Ueber die Differenzierungsweise der Keimblase, Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech., XXX. 1914. Ueber das Differenzierungsvermégen der Gehirnzellen, Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech., XL. 1898. The Regeneration of the Nervous System of Planaria torva and the Anatomy of Double-Headed Forms, Jour. Morphol.,

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1921. Axial Metabolic Gradients in the Early Development of the Sand Dollar, Dendraster excentricus, Publ. Puget Sound Biol. ista., LIT: 1907. Movement and Problem Solving in Ophiura brevispina, Jour. 1909. The Influence of the Nervous System in Regeneration, Jour. Anat. Record, XXIV. GuRwitscH, A. 1905. Ueber die Zerstérbarkeit des Protoplasmas im Echinodermenel, Anat. Anz., XXVII. 1900. Ophiura brevispina, Mem. Biol. Lab. Johns Hopkins Univ., IV. Harper, R. A.

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1918 a. The Evolution of Cell Types and Contact and Pressure Re- sponse in Pediastrum, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club, XVII. 1918b. Organization, Reproduction and Inheritance in Pediastrum, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., LVII. 1918. Experiments on the Development of the Fore Limb of Amblystoma, a Self-differentiating Equipotential System, Jour. Exp. Zool., XXV. 1921. On Relations of Symmetry in Transplanted Limbs, Jour. Exp. Zool.. XXXII. Harvey, E. N. 1912. The Question of Nerve Fatigue, Carnegie Inst. Yearbook, No. 10. 1920. An Experiment on Regulation of Plants, Amer. Nat., LIV.

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The Colloid Chemistry of Protoplasm, I and II, Amer. Jour. Physiol., LXIV. Ueber das Geddchtniss als eine allgemeine Funktion der organisierten Materie. Wien. Beitrige zur allgemeinen Nerven— und Muskelphysiologie II, Mitteilung, Sitzungsber Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. Naturwiss. Kl., Bd. LX XIX, III Abt. Zur Theorie der Vorgdnge in der lebenden Substanz, Prag. English translation: Theory of the Functions of Living Matter, Brain, XX, 1897. Untersuchungen iiber das Stoffwechsel der Muskeln ausgehend vom Gaswechsel derselben. Berlin.

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Weitere Untersuchungen zur Physiologie der Muskeln und Nerven. Berlin. Allegemeine Nervenphysiologie, Handbuch d. Physiol., II Bd,<1 Teil. Zur Theorie der Erregungsleitung und der elektrischen Erregung, Arch. ges. Physiol., UXXV. Irreversible Differentiation and Orthogenesis, Science, LI. An Introduction to Neurology. Third Edition. Philadelphia. Neurological Foundations of Animal Behavior. New York. A Manual of Zoélogy. Second American Edition from Fifth German Edition. Translated by J. S. Kingsley. New York.

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Absence of Temperature Changes During the Transmission of a Nervous Impulse, Jour. Phystol., XIII. Modification of Larval Development in Arbacia on the Basis of Differential Susceptibility to Light. Proc. Amer. Soc. Zodl., 1923, Anat. Rec., XXVI. Demonstration of the Axial Gradient by Means of Photolysis, Proc. Amer. Soc. Zool., 1923, Anat. Rec., XXVI. Ueber die elektrischen Eigenschaften der Nerven, Arch. ges. Physiol., LUXX1. Ueber die Kontinuitdt der Atomverkettung, ein Strukturprinavp der lebenden Substanz. Jena.

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Hurp, A. M. 1919. Some Orientating Effects of Monochromatic Lights of Equal In- tensities on Fucus Spores and Rhizoids, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., V. 1920. Effect of Unilateral, Monochromatic Light and Group Orientation on the Polarity of Germinating Fucus Spores, Bot. Gaz., Huxtey, J. 5S. 1921. Studies in Dedifferentiation, Quart. Jour. Micr. Sci., LXV. 1922. Dedifferentiation in Echinus Larve and its Relation to Metamorphosis, Biol. Bull., XLII. Hyp, Ipa H. 1904. Differences in Electric Potential in Developing Eggs, Amer. Jour. Physiol., XII. Hyman, L. H. 1916a. An Analysis of the Process of Regeneration in Certain Microdrilcus Oligochetes, Jour. Exp. Zodl., XX. 1916 b. On the Action of Certain Substances on Oxygen Consumption, I, Amer. Jour. Physiol., XL. 1917. Metabolic Gradients in Ameba and Their Relation to the Mechanism of amceboid Movement, Jour. Exp. Zodl., XXIV. 1918. Suggestions Regarding the Causes of Bioelectric Phenomena, Science, XLVIII. 1919 a. On the Action of Certain Substances on Oxygen Consumption, II, Amer. Jour. Physiol., XLVIII. 1919b. Physiological Studies on Planaria, I, Amer. Jour. Physiol., 1919. Physiological Studies, etc., II, Amer. Jour. Physiol., L. 1919 d. Physiological Studies, ete., III, Biol. Bull., XXXVII. 1919e. On the Action of Certain Substances on Oxygen Consumption, TT, Biol. “Bul XX XVal, 1920a. Physiological Studies, ete., IV, Amer. Jour. Physiol., LIII. 1920 b. The Axial Gradients in Hydrozoa, III, Biol. Bull., XXXVIII. 1920c. On the Action of Certain Substances on Oxygen Consumption, IV, Publ. Puget Sound Biol. Sta., II. 1921. a Metabolic Gradients of Vertebrate Embryos, Biol. Bull., 1923 a. Oxygen Consumption with Respect to Level, Size and Re- generation and Electrical Polarity in Corymorpha, Proc. Amer. Soe. Zodl., 1922, Anat. Record, XXIV. 1923 b. Physiological Studies, etc., V., Jour. Exp. Zool., XXXVI. Hyman, L.

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H., and Betiamy, A. W. 1922. Studies on the Correlation between Metabolic Gradients, Electrical Gradients and Galvanotaxis, Biol. Bull, XLIIL. Hyman, L. H., and Gauicuer, A. E. 1921. Direct Demonstration of the Existence of a Metabolic Gradient in Annelids, Jour. Exp. Zool., XXXIV. Inevar, S. 1920. Reaction of Cells to the Galvanic Cu rrent in Tissue Cultures, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. and Med., XVII. ‘ Symmetry of the Embryo in the Frog (Rana temporaria), Biometrika, V.

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On the Relation Between the Symmetry of the Egg, the Symmetry of Segmentation and the Symmetry of the Embryo in the Frog, Biometrika, VII. On the Origin of the Polar and Bilateral Structure of the Egg of the Sea Urchin, Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech, XXXII. Studies on Reactions to Stimuli in Unicellular Organisms, II, Amer. Jour. Physiol., I. Rotatoria of the United States, II, A Monograph of the Rattulidae, U. S. Fish Commission Bull. for 1902.

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Contributions to the Study of the Behavior of Lower Organisma, Carnegie Inst. Publ. No. 16. The Method of Regulation in Behavior and other Fields, Jour. Exp. Zoél., Il. Behavior of the Starfish Asterias forreri de Loriol, Univ. Cal. Publ. Zodl., IV. The Interpretation of the Behavior of the Lower Organisms, Science, XXVII. Tropisms, C. R. VIe Congrés Internat. de Psychol. Geneve. Diverse Ideals and Divergent Conclusions in the Study of Be- havior in Lower Organisms, Amer. Jour. Psychol., XXI.

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Further Contributions on Neurobiotaxis, IX. An Attempt to Compare the Phenomena of Neurobiotaxis with other Phenommena of Taxis and Tropism, Jour. Comp. Neurol., DOQVAB Dixiame contribution ala théorie de la Neurobiotaxis, L’encephale, No. 1. W., Kocn, F. C., and Luckwarpr, INe, 18}, Response of the Stomach Mucosa of Various Animals to Gastrin Bodies, Amer. Jour. Physiol., LI. W., Lucxuarprt, A. B., and Kocu, F. C. The Response of the Stomach Mucosa to Food and Gastrin Bodies as Influenced by Atropine, Amer. Jour. Physiol.,

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A Histological Study of Regeneration in Short Head Pieces of Planaria simplicissima, Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech., XXXI. Beitrage zur Keimungsphysiologiie und Biologie von Fucus, Jahrb. f. wiss. Bot., XLIV. Kocu, F. C., Luckuarpr, A. B., and Keeton, R. W. 1920. Chemical Studies on Gastrin Bodies, Amer. Jour. Physiol., LII. Kuster, E. 1906. Normale und abnorme Keimungen bei Fucus, Ber. deutsch. Bot. Gesell., XXIV. 1900. A Treatise on Zoélogy, Part III. Lapicaug, L.

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1907 a. Premiére approximation d’une loi nouvelle de l excitation électrique baseé sur une conception physique du phénomene, C. R. Soc. Biol., LXIT, 1907 b. Polarisation de membrane dans les électrolytes du milieu physiologique reproduisant la loi de l’excitation électrique des nerfs, C. ReSoc: Biol, UXTit. 1907 c. Plan d’une théorie physique du fonctionnement des centres nerveux, C’. R. Soc. Biol., LXIII. 1907 d. Considerations prealables sur la nature du phénomene par lequel I’électricité excite les nerfs, Jour. Physiol. Pathol. gén.,

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1907 e. Recherches quantitatives sur l’excitation électrique des nerfs traiteé comme une polarisation, Jour. Physiol. Pathol. gén., 1X. 1908 a. Orthorhéonome a volant, Excitabilité des nerfs différents pour les ondes électriques lentes ou rapides, C. R. Soc. Biol., LXIV. 1908 b. Sur le mécanisme de la curarisation, C. R. Soc. Biol., LXV. 1908 c. Sur la théorie de excitation électrique, Jour. Physiol. Pathol. géen., X. 1909 a. Definition expérimentale de excitabilité, C. R. Soe. Biol.,

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1909 b. Conditions physiques de l’éxcitation électrique, I, I, Jour. Physiol. Pathol. gen., XI. 1903. Variation de la loi d’excitation électrique pour les muscles de la grenouille suivant la rapidité de la contraction, C. R. Soc. Biol., LV. 1912. Curarisation par la veratrine; antagonismes dans la curarisation, C. R. Soc. Biol., LX XII. 1913. Relation entre le diametre des fibres nerveuses et leur rapidité fonctionelle, C. R. Acad. Se, CLVIE Lapicaun, L. et J. Pererin, 1910. Nouvelles recherches sur un modéle de la polarisation en vue

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de la théorie physique de excitation, Jour, Physiol. Pathol. gén., XII. LasarErFr, P. 1918. Recherches sur la theorie tonique de Vexcitation., Premiere Partie. Moscow. Levl, G. 1897. Ricerche citologiche comparate sulla cellula nervosa dei vertebrati, Riv. di Patol. nervy. e ment, IT. Studi sulla grandezza delle cellule, 1, Ricerche comparative sulla grandezza delle cellule dei mammiferi, Arch. ital. Anat. e Hmbr. V. I gangli cerebrospinali, Studi di istologia comparata e di istogenesi, Supplem. al Arch. ital Anat. Embr., VII.

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I fattori che determinano il volume degli elementi nervosi, Riv. di Patol. nerv. e ment, XXI. Nuovi studi sull’ accrescimento delle cellule nervosi, Atti Reale Accad. Sci. Palermo, XI. Rhythmical Contraction of the Skeletal Muscle Tissue Ob- served in Tissue Culture, Amer. Jour. Physiol., XX XVIII. The Contraction of Smooth Muscle Cells in Tissue Culture, Amer, Jour. Physiol., XLIV. Notes on Regeneration and Regulation in Planarians, 1 Amer. Jour. Physiol., VI.

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