Principles of General Physiology

- (1911). — "The Quantitative Estimation of the Indophenol Oxidase of (1912). — " Ueber die Reizbeantwortung des Nerven wahrend der positiven Visser, A. W. (1905). — " Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit und chemisches Gleichgewicht in homogenen Sy.stemen und deren Anwendung auf Enzymwirkungen." Zs. physik. Chem., 52, 257-309. - (1885). — " Plasmoly tische Studien iiber die Wand der Vacuolen." Jahrb. Waals, J. D. van der (1873).— "Equation of State." Thesis. Fac. Sci., Leiden. German Trans, by Fr. Roth in 1881. Leipzig. "Die Continuitat des gasfbrmigen und fliissigen Zustandes." See article by Clerk Maxwell, Nature, 10, 477. Short summary of the thesis by van der Waals himself in Arch. Neerland, 24, 2-4 (footnote), 1890.

(1877, 1). — " Sur le nombre relatif des chocs qui subit une molecule, suivant qu'elle se meut au milieu de molecules en mouvement ou au milieu de molecules supposees enrepos, et sur 1'influence que les dimensions des molecules, dans la direction du mouvement relatif, exercent sur le nombre de ces chocs." Arch. Neerland, 12, 201-216. - (1877, 2). — "Sur le nombre des chocs et la distance de choc moyeune dans Wachter, W. (1905). — " Untersuchungen iiber den Austritt von Zucker aus den Zelleri der Speicherorgane von Allium cepa und Beta vulgaris." Jahrb. wiss. Bot., 41, 165-220.

- (1900, 2).— "Four Observations Concerning the Electrical Effects of Light - (1913, 1). — "The use of Litmus Paper as a Quantitative Indicator of - (1913, 3). — "The Reversal of Irreversible hydrosols Aggregated by Traces of Protective Colloids." Proc. Physiol. Soc. in Jl. Physiol., 47, pp. xiv, xv. Walters, E. H. (1912). — "On the Influence of the Products of Hydrolysis upon the Rate of Hydrolysis of Casein by Trypsin." Jl. Biol. Chem., 12, 43-47.

- (1910, 2). — "Ueber Beeinflussung der Oxydationen in lebenden Zellen nach - (1913, 1). — "Ueber die Wirkung der Struktur auf chemische Vorgange in (1914). — " Beitrage zur Physiologic der Zelle insbesondere iiber die Oxydationsund 0. Meyerhof (1912). — "Ueber atmung in abgetoteten Zellen und in Waterston, J. J. (1845).— "On the Physics of Media that are Composed of Free and Perfectly Elastic Molecules in a State of Motion." Phil. Trans., 183 A

Weinland, Ernst (1901). — " Ueber Kohlehydratzersetzung ohne Sauerstoffaufnahme bei Askaris, einen tierischen Garungsprozess." Zs. BioL, 42, 55-90. (1902). — "Ueber ausgepresste Extrakte von Askaris lumbricoides und ihre (1904, 2). — " Ueber die Zersetzung stickstoffhaltiger Substanzen bei Askaris." (1906). — "Ueber den anoxybiotischen Abschnitt der intermediaren chem- (1914). — " Myothermic Experiments in Salt Solutions in Relation to the - (1900). — "On the lonisation of Dilute Solutions at the Freezing Point."

and Arthur Stoll (1913). — "Untersuchungen iiber Chlorophyll." Berlin: Wilson, J. Gordon, and F. H. Pike (1912).— "The Effects of Stimulation and Extirpation of the Labyrinth of the Ear and their Relation to the Motor System. Part I. Experimental." Phil. Trans., 203B, 127-160. (1912, 1). — "Ein Apparat zur Mikroblutgasanalyse und Mikrorespirometer." (1913, 1). — "Kritische Uebersicht iiber die Beziehungen zwischen Narkose (1914). — "Der Einfluss der Narkose auf den Gaswechsel des Frosch-

und A. Spengel (1910). — "Rotes Platin als Analogon des Cassius'schen (1906).— "The Affinity Constants of Xanthine and its Methyl Derivative." Woodland, W. N. F. (1911, 1).— "On the Structure and Functions of the Gas Glands and Retia Mirabilia Associated with the Gas Bladder of some Teleostean Fishes." Proc. Zool Soc. London (1911), 183-248. — — (1911, 2). — "On some Experimental Tests of Received Views Concerning the Physiology of Gas Production in Teleostean Fishes." Anat. Anzeiy.,

(1888). — " Versuche iiber Schutzimpfung auf chemischem Wege." Arch. (1893).— "On the Chemistry of the Blood." Collected Papers Arranged by Yoshii, U. (1909). — " Experimentelle Untersuchungen iiber die Schadigung des Gehororgans durch Schalleinwirkung." Zs. Ohrenheilkunde, 58, 201-251. - (1906). — "Die im ruhenden Korper vorgehenden Energiewandlungen." — of cells to pressure, 164 Acetaldehyde from glucose, 276 Aceto-acetic acid, 276 Acetone treatment of cells, 590 Acetyl-choline, 727

Active contraction of artery, 687 Active mass, meaning of, 184 • Activity related to transfer of energy, 31 Adaptation, 201, 228 — effect in relation to osmotic pressure, 163 of calcium on action of, 217 — salts not dissociated, 691 Adsorption, action of electrolytes on, 58 Adsorption, effect of temperature tin, l.\ til electrical, 58 — in higher plants, 611 Aldehyde from chlorophyll, 564 Algebraic, summation in reflexes, 498 Aldol condensation, 2~'i

Alkaloids, production of, by plants, 3»»t( Alimentary canal, general plan of, 366 Alizarin, electric charge of, '.Ml Amicron, SO — as nitrogen food for animals, 281, 2NS Ammoniumhydrogen -malate, crystals of, Antiseptic action of gastric juice, 374 Antiseptics, action of, on enzymes, 311 Anthracene, adsorption of light by, 548 Aperiodicity in galvanometer, etc., 638 Aplysia, crop of, electrical change in, 654 Apno?a, 634 Apple, demarcation currents in, 660 Applied physiology, vii Appropriation of effectors, 469 Arcella, formation of gas by, 361

— respiration by Hook, 600 Ascaris, metabolism of, 611 Ash of proteins, 67 — theory of chemical change, 236 Asymmetric carbon atom, 282 — in vasomotor reflexes, 412 Balloon ascent of Tissandier, 634 Barger's vapour pressure method, 155 Barium silicate formation, 68 Caffeine as diuretic, 359 Calcium, action of, in coagulation of blood, — osmotic pressure of, 148 Cannizzaro's reaction, 588 Capacity factor of energy, 28 Capillary circulation, discovery of, 667

Caprylic alcohol as narcotic, 139 Carbohydrate, effect of, on synthesis of protein, 269 Carbonic acid, neutralisation power of, 201 Carbon monoxide method of Hartridge, 629 — Ostwald's definition of, 303 Catalyst acts in very small amount, .'(uii — starting of reaction by, 304 Catalysts, mode of action of, 3-4 Catch mechanism in bladder, 537 Chloroform, reversal by, 499 Chlorophyll, absorption spectrum of, 562 — of leech, 711 Chromatic function, 575 Chromatophores, nerve network of, 473 Chromosomes of germ cells, 293 Chronaxie, 401

— in relation to diameter of fibres, 401 Ciliary muscle, 518 Circle of Willis, 484 Circuit for electrical changes, 642 Circulation and osmotic pressure of blood, — renal artery, effect of, on diuresis, 358 Clausius on laws of energetics, 28 Clear ideas not always true, 41 Coagulation, change of viscosity in, 243 — on surface layer, 56 Coalescence of naked protoplasm , 22 Cobra venom, action of, on cell membrane, Colloid theory of muscle process, 448 Colloidal aggregates, dimensions of, 94

Colours of flowers, 597 Combinations of sensations, 529 Combustion in muscle, Mayow on, 606 Complementary chromatic adaptation, 567 Completeness of semipermeability of cells, Complexity of Brownian movements, 87 Compound interest law, 36 Compressibility of liquids, 150 Compression of gas, work done in, 33 Concentration battery, 36, 190 Conclusions drawn from fixed cells, 16 Condensation in surface layer, 55 — of steam in oxidation process, 31 Condenser discharge, 380, 381 Condition of adsorbed material, 69 Conditioned reflexes, 477, 502

— of excitation in plants, 431 Conductivity and excitability in nerve, 385 — relation of, to acuteness of vision, 521 Configuration of surface of enzymes, 327 Congo-red, osmotic pressure of, 160 Conservation of energy, 27 Constellations of stimuli, 490 Contact potential, elimination of, 192 Continuous phase, 75 Contractility and double refraction, 438 " Control " of enzyme by substrate, 314 Coiu-oluta Roscoffemis, 295 Cook, Captain, on scurvy, 259 Copper, action of, in minute traces, 222

— in haemocyanin as catalyst, 618 Coronary arteries, vasomotor supply of, 690 Corpora lutea, internal secretion of, 714, 718 Cortex of suprarenals, 713 Cortical points, stimulation of, 480 Coupled reaction, 30 — in photo-chemistry, 554 Course of excitation in heart, 680 Cranial autonomic nerves, 484 — metabolism in, 541 Decrement in nerve impulse, 384 Deep sensibility, 515 Degeneration of electrical organ, 659 — of nerves, 469, 474 Degenerations in organ of Corti, 526 Degree of dissociation, determination of, 177 Degrees of freedom, 617

Dehydration of protoplasm (Altmann), 17 Demarcation current, 651 — currents in apple, 660 Denaturation of protein, 106 Density of charge on ion, effect of, 96 Dependent variable, 36 — constants of liquids, 181, 182 Differential coefficient of logarithm, 35 — staining of particles of different size, 13 Diffraction, 7, 79 Digestive juices, secretion of, 371 Digitoxin inactive without calcium, 215 Dilute solution defined, 148 Dilution law of Ostwald, 181, 186 Dimensions of colloidal particles, estimation

— of proteins by electrolytes, 106 Displacement by adsorption, 70 Dissipation of energy, 28 Dissociation constants of acids, 184, 186 of bases, 186 — of water between phases, 97, 104 Diuresis, effect of, on composition of urine, — mode of action of, 723 Drying and life, 240 Duality of phenomena, 377 Dulong et Petit, law of, 226 Dust, electric charge of, 90 Dyestuffs and phase rule, 618 Dyeing, 70 — of photo-chemical reactions, 552 Ehrlich, portrait of, 1 1

— relation of, to form of beat, 653, 656 Electrode potential, theory of, 190 Electrodes of Keith Lucas, 382 Elimination of contact potential, 192 Embryogeny, 292 Embryonic division, temperature coefficient — reversion of tissues in vitro, 25 Emulsin, optimal reaction for, 205 Emulsions, 77 — behaviour of, to trivalent ions, 96 Enantiomorphic crystals, 283 Endogenous metabolism, 267 Endothermic reactions, 42 End-plate, 399 Entelechy in biology, 202 Enterokinase, 374 Entropy, 28 Enzyme action, adsorption in, 316

— production of, 327 Epicritic sensibility, 515 Epithelium of lung alveoli, 629 Equation of state, 149 Erepsin, 374 Ergastoplasm, 336 Ergometer, bicycle, 440 Ergotoxine, action of, 728 Ewor, truth from, x Esprits animaux, 495 Eutectic mixture, 17 Evolution of excretory organs, 355 Exogenous metabolism, 267 Exponential function, 36 Extensor thrust, 501 External and internal phases, 75 — products, washing away of, 451 Fermentation, energetics of, 610

Ferric hydroxide, colloidal, 64 Fertilisation, increased permeability in, 141 Fibrin, action of pepsin on, as acid effect, 398 Figure of merit of galvanometers, 639 Filtration theory of glomerular function, 336 Final common path, 471, 475, 477 — always open, 489 — equilibrium, enzyme no member of, 309 Fischer, Emil, portrait of, 261 — of solute, 157 Frictional electricity, 90 Frog, renal mechanism of, 356 Fructose from formaldehyde, 564 Fulgides of Stobbe, 568 Function, mathematical, 36

Gaskell, portrait of, 678 GaskelFs heart clamp, 679 Gastric juice, chemical mechanism of secretion, 372 Glycerol formed from glucose, 275 Glycine, state of, in water, 232 Glycogen, 280 Glyoxalase, 275 Gold number, 97 "Good " experiments, xii Graaf, Rene de, figure of dog with fistulae, Growth, accessory factors for, 254 — supplied by mother, 258 — of yeast, mathematical law of, 290 Guaiaconic acid, oxidation of, 584 Hardness as test of muscular tone, 538 Hardy's law of valency. 92

Bering's theory of vision, 522 Hermaphrodite ion, 220 Herpes zoster, Head's work on, 290 Heterogeneous reactions, illustration of snails, 326 Heteropods, senses of, 511 Hibernation, metabolism in, 278, 289 High frequency currents, mode of action <>f, — in geotropism. 432 Homoiothermic animals, 4">ti Hormone, meaning of, 706 Hormones as messengers, 706 Horned sheep, Mendelian characters of, 294 Huxley on physiology, vii — in relation to dilution, 237 Hydrochloric acid in stomach, secretion of,

— temperature coefficient of, 42 Immediate spinal induction, 490 Immunisation, 729, 730, 731, 732 Immunity of electric fish, 660 Imperative of energetics, 28 Impermeability of cells to acid and alkali, — of small concentrations (Hopkins), 20 Independent variable, 36 — use of, in coloured solutions, 188 Induction currents, 381 Influence of tissues on one another, 25 Infra-red absorption of haemoglobin, 625 Inhibition always of similar nature, 419 — Ostwald's criterion relating to, 324 Internal pressure of liquids, 50, 150

— secretions, 707 Interplasmic reactions, 19 Interrelation of internal secretions, 721 Intestinal worms, antitrypsin of, 317 — of muscle, origin of, 449 Lambert's law, 35, 550 Lanthanum salts not hydrolysed, 92 Laplace, internal pressure of, 50 Larmor on reactions in stages, 581 Lavoisier and his wife, portraits of, 604 Lavoisier's experimenton muscular work, 605 Law of Avogadro, 85, 148 Lens of eye, 516, 517 Leonardo, mirror writing of, 667 Leonardo's heart experiments, 667 Leucine crystals, electric charge of, 104 Liebreich's dead space, 54 Life and energy, 31

— sensibility of skin to, 516 Limiting factors in photosynthesis, 568 Linear function, 36 — removed from heart by perfusion, 211 Liquid spheres, Darling's method of, 48 Liver, capillaries of, 164 — metabolism in, during digestion, 612 Living nerve cells, structure of, 470 Local excitatory change in nerve, 385, 397 Lower organisms, physiology of, viii, 291 Luciferin, 362 Ludwig, portrait of, 685 Luminous organisms, 362 Lung, circulation in, related to osmotic pressure of blood, 164

Macdonald's theory of inhibition, 426 Magnesium, anaesthetic action of, 217 — of contraction, efficiency of, 450 Malapterurus, electrical neurone of, 471 Male power, worship of, 291 Malignant growths, 25 — eflect of, on formation of conidia, 222 Mannitol in respiration of fungi, 611 Marine organisms, osmotic pressure of blood ' ' Masked " iron, 69 Mass action and reactions at surfaces, 59, 68 Mathematical laws of growth, 290 Mathematics as a mill (Huxley), 37

— of hydrogen ion concentration, 187 Mechanical stimulation of nerve, 383 Mechanism of precipitation of colloids, 93 — in insects and earthworm, 482 Mendelian segregation, diagram of, 294 Mendelism, 292 Merchiston Tower, view of, 40 Metabolism, definition of, 263 Metabolites in vaso-dilatation, 421. 699 Metamorphosis of the fly, 366 Metastable equilibrium, ;V»3 Methylene blue staining of nerves, 10 Methyl-glyoxal, 275 Micella-, 99 Micro-calorimeter, 456 Micro-heterogeneous systems, 75, 78 Micro-respirometer, 607 Microscopic vision, 7, 79 Milk, secretion of, 719 "Mind" in starfish, 482 Minute quantities, action of, 221 Mirror illustration of cell processes, 214

— images, identity of most properties, 286 Mistakes in science, xi Mobilisation, 106 Model of electrical fish, 650 Molar concentration of colloidal solutions, " Molecular compounds," 66 Molecular conductivity, 175 Molecules as colloids, 79 — size of, 79 Moliere and opium, 328 Monochromatic regions of spectrum, 525 Monophasic electrical response, 380 Morphological structure and energy consumption, 591 Mucor racemosus in absence of oxygen, 610 Miiller's law of specific energies, 388, 513 Muscarine, action of, on Aplysia heart, 143

Negative variation, 393, 651 Nephelometer, 83 Nernst formula for concentration battery, Neurone, structure and properties of, 469 Neurones, no increase of, after birth, 469 Nucleus, relation of, to oxidation, 591 Number of nerve fibres to eye muscles, 389 — of stimuli as factor in sensation, 514 Nutrition, influence of nerves on, 288 — incidence of energy to nerve, 383 Optimum temperature, 318 — ions, rate of migration of, 177 Organisms and the second law of energetics,