Principles of General Physiology

Osmometer of Moore and Roaf, 162 Osmosis in cells, 118 Osmotic pressure, 146 — theory of narcosis, 609 Oxidative removal of lactic acid, 447 Oxygen as food, 247 Pace-maker of heart, 679 Pacinian bodies, 515 Palladium and osmosis of hydrogen, 146 Pallium, 477 Period of vibration of galvanometer, 638 Peripheral nerve networks, 473 Phosphorus, mechanism of oxidation of, 581 Photo-chemical action, general theory of, — reactions, classification of, 553 Photochlorides of Wiener, 568 Photo-dynamic sensitisation, 571 Photo-electrical effects, 558 Photographic method of recording, 460, 576

— limiting factors in, 568 Phyllins, 560 Phylloporphyrin, 560 Physiological salt solutions, 205 Physiology, teaching of, in schools, 292 Phytochlorin, 560 — of retina, movements of, 520 Pilobolus, secretory process of, 1 63 Pilocarpine, action of, on glands, 344 on intestine, 143 Platinum metals as reducing catalysts, 587 Plato on mathematics, 37 Plethysmographic methods, 688 Poikilothermic organisms, 455 Poison of cephalopod, 360 — at'electrodes, 390 Polarised membrane, 648 Polymers in water, 233 Polymerisation a chemical change, 233 Polypeptides, 103

— of Traube, 112 Porphyrins, 560 Position receptors, 527 Positive variation in nerve, 392 Posture reflexes from labyrinth, 500 Potassium, action of, on heart muscle, 207, — in relation to vagus inhibition, 217 Potential at membranes, 161 — raised in vital processes, 564 Poverty and protein minimum, 268 Precautions in use of indicators, 188, 190 Precipitates, aggregation of, 108 Preparation of colloidal solutions, 108 Presentation time in plants, 431 Preservation of neutrality, 195 Pressor reflexes, 697 Pressure in imbibition, 100 - in plant cells, 117, 118, 120 Priestley, portrait of, 602 Priestley's discovery of oxygen, 606

— of starch by leaf in spectrum, 562 Progress, law of (Gaskell), 464 Proprio-ceptors in general, 51 1 — relation of, to neutral salts, 105, 221 Protopathic sensibility, 514 Protoplasm, absorption of ultra-violet by, — temporary organs formed by, 2, 3 Protozoa, food requirements of, 249 Quantum of energy as visual stimulus, 522 Quinine, photo-chemical oxidation of, 552 Racemisation, 285 Radio-active phenomena, 575 Raehlmann's adsorption compounds, 65 Ramsden's surface condensation, 55, 56, 72 Ratchet mechanism of smooth muscle, 534 Rate of adsorption, 56, 61

Raulin's culture solution, 249 Raw serum, action of trypsin on, 317 Reaction nuclei, 555 — time in plants, 431 Reactions in stages, 582 Rebound after inhibition, 491 Receptive substances, 344, 400 Receptor mechanism in general, 51 1 — in " willed " movements, 497 Recovery of nerve impulses after decrement, Red and brown seaweeds, f>'>7 Keducase, nature of, 588 Reducases in plants, 588 Reducing enzymes, 586 Reduction of carbon dioxide by bacteria,

Reflexes to heart nerves, 684 Refraction in microscopic vision, !) Refractive index, 230 Refractory period and permeability, 138 in heart muscle, 454 — magnitude of impulse in, 389 Regulation of blood supply, 702 — of respiration, 630 Reinforcement in reflexes, 490 Relative isomers, 287 precipitating salt, 94 Relaxation of muscle, 439 Relay mechanism in receptors, 512 Removal of cortical areas, 480, 506 — of lipoid from heart on perfusion, 211 Renal circulation and osmotic pressure of

— secretory process, general nature of, 357 Rennet, action of calcium on, 217 Repair processes different from growth, 270 Replacement of lactic acid in muscle, 444 Reproduction, 291 Reproductive organs, internal secretions of, — in cerebral cortex, 481 Reversible and irreversible colloids, 78 Rhythm of stimuli as factor in sensation, 514 Rhythmic contraction, 459 Righting movement of starfish, 482 Rigidity of minute drops, 96 Ringer, portrait of, 206 Ringer's solution, 207, 211 Rivers, dissolved matter in, 229 Rontgen rays, use of, in intestinal movements, 368 Root pressure, 163

Sacral autonomic nerves, 484 Salicin, action of emulsin on, 305 Salicinase, 328 Saline solutions, physiological, 205 Saliva, function of, 373 Salivary secretion, reflex, 503 ' ' Salting out " of colloids, 96 — of weak acids with weak bases, 218 Saponin haemolysis, action of salts on, 137 Sarcoplasm, contraction of, 545, 728 Saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen, -»- of surface in adsorption, 63 Schardinger's reaction, 586 Schema of the circulation, 672 Science as truth and beauty, xii

— water in relation to salts of blood, 209 Searle's torsion apparatus, 49 — work done in, 338 Secretions, osmotic pressure of, 334 Secretory activity and strength of stimulus, " Secretory" nerves to glands, 345 Secretory pressure of saliva, 335 — process, nature of, 348 Semicircular canals, 528 Semipermeable membranes, 111 Sensation, analysis of, 513 Sensori-motor centres of cortex, 480 Sensory fibres in sympathetic nerves, 485 Sepia, secretion of ink of, 359 Sexual organs, internal secretion of, 713

— of salts in colloidal solutions, 105 Solution pressure, 190 Sponges, reaction of, to stimuli, 464 Sprat on experiments, viii Spread of stimuli in cortex, 506 Square root law, 315 Stable colloids, 95 — iodide, an adsorption compound, 69 Starfish "smelt" by scallop, 515 Starvation, 267 — of food in stomach, 374 Stimulation of nerves, methods of, 380, 381 Stomach, killing of microbes in, 374 Storage of carbohydrate, 280 — electrolytes, nature of, 181, 182 Strontium antagonised by calcium, 216 Strophanthin, mode of action of, 725 Structural details, ix

Supermechanical properties of protoplasm, 3 Supersaturated solutions, 304 Suprarenal, rate of circulation through, 612 Suprarenals, development of, 711 — of protoplasm, 52 Surfaces, chemical reactions on, 59 Survival of cells and tissues, 22 Synapses, action of calcium on, 215 Synaptic membrane as seat of decrement, — on electrolytic dissociation, 182 on hydration of ions, 236 Thermo-neutrality of enzyme actions, 324 Thermopile for muscle, 444 Thermostats, 227 Thorium, effect of, on electric charge, 71,

Thymus gland, 719 Thyroid gland, 719 Time factor in action of heat, 318 Times of equal change with enzymes, 315 Tissues, absorption of fluid from, 166 Tongue of dog, vasomotor, effects in, 403 Tonic reflex by rheonome current, 388 Tonicity of solutions, 166 Tonus, 533 Transfer of energy and activity, 31- Transitions between adsorption and combination, 618, 619 Transmission of acquired characters, 718 — of excitation in muscle, 455 Transplantation of organs, 288

Trypsin, optimal reaction for, 374 Tryptic digestion, increase of conductivity Tumours, growth of, in relation to food, 258 Turgor, 117, 162 Tympanic membrane, 526 Tyndall phenomenon, 74 Tyrode's Ringer solution, 21 1 Tyrosinase, nature of, 589 Tyrosine as accessory factor, 261 Unconditioned reflexes, 502 Unequal distribution of salts through membrane, 120, 160 Unimolecular reaction, 311 Union of heterogeneous nerves, 387 Univariant system, 617 Urea as nitrogen food in animals, 281

— work done in secretion of, 339 Uterus of guinea-pig, 163 Utilisation of fuel, 378 — inhibition of pancreas by, 349 Valency, change of, in oxidation, 581 Value of abstract work, viii Valves of the heart, 673 — relation of, to chemical composition, 242 — to temperature, 242 Want of oxygen, effects of, 634 Warming of heart, effects of, 653, 655 Water, a closely packed liquid, 234 Water-logged muscle, conduction in, 398 Wave lengths of visible spectrum, 79 Weak acids, salts of, with weak bases, 219 Wear and tear in muscular work, 269, 272

William of Occam's razor, 66 Willis' numeration of cranial nerves, 484 Winterstein's apparatus, 625 Work collector, 440 — mathematical law of growth of, 290 Yellow formed by red and green, 525 Young-Helmholtz theory of colour vision, Accelerator nerves, action on conduction in dog's heart (Bayliss and Adrian's diagram of recovery of nerve impulse after decrement 384 Aggregation of particles (blood corpuscles) by electrolytes (Mines) 193 Albumin, viscosity change with temperature (Wo. Ostwald) 243 Algebraic summation of excitation and inhibition (Sherrington) 415, 496

Apparatus for detecting sign of electric charge on colloidal particles 91 Balance of asphyxial excitation and nervous inhibition in vasomotor Balance of excitation and inhibition in reflex to skeletal muscle Balance of excitation and inhibition in vasomotor reflex 413 Bernard, Claude, demonstrating an experiment (Lhermitte) 686 Carbon dioxide, effect on dissociation curve of oxyhsemoglobin lii'i' ,, starch produced at place of maximum absorption (Timiriazeff) 563

Circuit used for investigation and measurement of changes of potential Colloidal particles, apparatus for detecting sign of charge - 86 Corpus luteum, effect on growth of mammary gland (Ancel et Bouin) 717 Crayfish, diagram of double innervation of claw muscle 404 Crystals of optical isomers (van't Hoff) Depressor nerve, electrical change with heart beat (Einthoven) 386 Depressor nerve in rabbit, typical form of curve and apparent absence of Dissociation curve of oxyhsemoglobin, effect of carbon dioxide 622

Electro-cardiogram, manner of production by different duration of Electro-cardiogram of dog, effect of local warming (Bayliss and Starling) - 653 Electro-cardiograms of various animals, heart not exposed (Lewis) 657 ,, position in lipase action on fat (Armstrong arid Gosney) 300 „ vaso-dilators in depressor reflex (submaxillary gland) 693, 694 Frontispiece to Priestley's book on different kinds of air 603 Gels under ultramicroscope (Bachmann) 99 Gland cells, histological changes in activity 334, 335, 347

Hydration of solutes, absorption spectra (Jones and Anderson) 231 Immediate spinal induction in scratch reflex (Sherrington) 476, 490 Immunised uterus sensitive to other proteins in addition to antigen 731 Inhibition of centre of inhibitory nerves (vaso-dilators) 416 Lactic acid, disappearance from muscle in oxygen (Fletcher) 442 „ warming and cooling, effect of, on electro-cardiogram 653, 655 Mammary gland, growth produced by corpus luteum (Ancel et Bouin) 717

Mayow, portrait of - 601 Mechanical and electrical effects in heart, relative duration 539, 540, 658 Mechanism of tonus muscle, model to illustrate 535 Mendelian inheritance (Bateson) - 293, 294 Milk, secretion of, produced by pituitary extract (Mackenzie) 718 Neuro-muscular mechanism, diagram of differentiation of (Parker) 466 Oxygen produced at maximum absorption of chlorophyll (Engelmann) 562 Oxyhsemoglobin, dissociation curve as affected by salts (Barcroft and Roberts) 621

Pancreas, functional changes in (Kiihne and Lea) - 335 ,, ,, ,, under secretin and under vagus stimulation Pituitary extract causing secretion of milk (Mackenzie) . 718 Pyramidal tract, origin from Betz cells (Holmes and May) 479 Reciprocal irmervation in eye muscles (Descartes) - 493, 494 Reflex production of tonus by rheonome current (Sherrington and Sowton) „ „ stimulus in, produces no further refractory state (Lucas) 649 Relative duration of electrical and mechanical change in heart (Mines) 539, 540

„ metabolism of aspergillus as affected by presence of glucose Scratch reflex, diagram of arcs (Sherrington) Searle's torsion balance for measuring surface tension Secretin, action on pancreatic cells - „ flow of pancreatic juice produced by (Launoy et Oeschlin) Secretion of milk produced by pituitary extract Segregation of dominant and recessive characters (Bateson) Sign of electrical charge of colloidal particles, apparatus for determining • 91

Starch produced at place of maximum absorption of chlorophyll 563 Strychnine, conversion of depressor to pressor reflex by 697 Sweet pea plants, to illustrate Mendelian inheritance (Bateson) 293 Vagus nerve, action of, accompanied by electro-positive change 407, 408 Water content of silica gel (van Bemmelen) 4 „ effect of, on equilibrium in enzyme action (Armstrong and Gosney) 300